Advanced terms
Object Property Descriptors
ES5
Property descriptors define the hidden attributes of object properties - writable, enumerable, configurable, plus getters and setters.
4mo ago
JavaScript advanced
Register Allocation
PHP 8.0+
5
A compiler back-end pass that maps an unbounded set of virtual registers (or IR variables) to a finite set of physical CPU registers.
4mo ago
Compiler advanced
Linux Namespaces
Kernel feature that isolates global resources (PIDs, network, mounts, IPC, hostname, users) so processes see their own private view of the system.
4mo ago
Linux advanced
Metaclass Patterns
Python 3.6+
Metaclasses customize class creation itself — useful for registries, abstract base enforcement, and ORM column collection, but overused where decorators or __init_subclass__ would do.
4mo ago
Python advanced
Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree)
PHP 7.4+
1
A compact array-backed structure giving O(log n) prefix-sum queries and O(log n) point updates with minimal code and memory overhead.
4mo ago
Data Structures advanced
JavaScript Proxy Object
ES2015
Proxy wraps an object to intercept fundamental operations like property access, assignment, and function calls via trap handlers.
4mo ago
JavaScript advanced
AI Model Quantization
Compressing neural network weights and activations to lower-precision formats (int8, int4, fp8) to shrink memory and accelerate inference.
5mo ago
AI / ML advanced
Regex Branch Reset Groups
2
A PCRE-specific construct (?|...) that resets capture group numbers across each alternative, so all branches share the same group indices.
5mo ago
Regex advanced
Client-Side Template Injection (CSTI)
Attacker-controlled input rendered as a template expression by a client-side framework (AngularJS, Vue, Handlebars), executing JavaScript in the victim's browser.
CWE-1336 OWASP A3:2021
5mo ago
Security advanced
7.5
Constitutional AI (CAI)
Anthropic's training methodology where models critique and revise their own outputs against a set of written principles, reducing reliance on human labellers for alignment.
5mo ago
AI / ML advanced
CSS Injection & Data Exfiltration via Stylesheets
2
Attacker-controlled CSS injected into a page or stylesheet that exfiltrates data via attribute selectors and `url()` callbacks, defaces UI, or enables phishing — all without a single line of JavaScript.
CWE-79 OWASP A3:2021
5mo ago
Security advanced
6.5
DOM Clobbering
7
Attack where injected HTML elements with controlled `id` or `name` attributes overwrite JavaScript globals or document properties, weaponising script-less HTML injection into code execution.
CWE-79 OWASP A3:2021
5mo ago
Security advanced
6.5
Mixture of Experts (MoE)
Neural network architecture where a gating network routes each token to a small subset of specialist 'expert' sub-networks, enabling huge total parameter counts at moderate per-token compute cost.
5mo ago
AI / ML advanced
RLHF — Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback
Post-training method where human preference rankings train a reward model that fine-tunes an LLM via reinforcement learning, aligning outputs with human preferences.
5mo ago
AI / ML advanced
cgroups — Linux Control Groups
3
A Linux kernel feature that groups processes and meters or limits their access to CPU, memory, I/O, network, and other resources — the core primitive that makes Docker, systemd, and Kubernetes resource limits possible.
5mo ago
Linux advanced
Diffusion Models
1
A class of generative models that learn to reverse a gradual noising process — starting from pure noise and iteratively denoising into coherent images, audio or video; the core technique behind Stable Diffusion, Midjourney and DALL·E 3.
5mo ago
AI / ML advanced
Covariance & Contravariance
4.7 Variance describes how subtype relationships on a type's components affect subtype relationships on the whole type — covariant types follow the direction, contravariant types reverse it.
6mo ago
TypeScript advanced
Module Augmentation & Declaration Merging
2.0 Module augmentation lets you extend third-party or global type definitions without modifying their source — adding properties to existing interfaces, modules, or the global scope.
6mo ago
TypeScript advanced
Recursive Types
3.7 Types that reference themselves to describe arbitrarily nested structures — trees, nested menus, JSON, linked lists — without requiring any escape hatch.
6mo ago
TypeScript advanced
Insecure Deserialization
Deserializing attacker-controlled data can trigger arbitrary object construction and method calls — PHP's unserialize() with untrusted input enables remote code execution via gadget chains in the loaded class graph.
CWE-502 OWASP A8:2021
6mo ago
Security advanced