API Design terms
Contracts between systems that need to trust each other
A well-designed API is a pleasure to integrate; a poorly designed one is a tax on every team that touches it. This category covers REST principles, GraphQL, versioning strategies, authentication patterns, rate limiting, idempotency, error responses, and the design decisions that make APIs intuitive, stable, and a joy to build against.
More on API Design
History
API design emerged as a formal discipline in the early 2000s as web services and distributed systems became central to software architecture. The REST architectural style, introduced by Roy Fielding in his 2000 doctoral dissertation, provided foundational principles for designing HTTP-based APIs that prioritized statelessness and resource-oriented design. Early best practices focused on URL structure and HTTP method semantics, but matured considerably as companies like Amazon, Google, and Stripe published their public APIs and documented real-world challenges around versioning, authentication, and error handling. The 2010s brought standardized practices like semantic versioning, rate limiting strategies, and comprehensive documentation tools, while GraphQL's 2015 open-source release sparked renewed debate about query flexibility versus REST's simplicity. Today, API design balances multiple concerns—developer experience, backward compatibility, security, performance, and interoperability—with established patterns for pagination, idempotency, webhook design, and contract testing becoming industry standards.
Key concepts
- REST Architectural Constraints
- API Documentation
- API Versioning
- API Error Handling
- API Authentication Patterns
- API Pagination Patterns
- API Rate Limiting
- API Backwards Compatibility
Best references
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GraphQL Official Specification and Documentation Canonical GraphQL specification maintained by the GraphQL Foundation. Authoritative reference for schema design, subscriptions, and the complete GraphQL query language.
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RFC 7231: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1) Semantics and Content IETF standard defining HTTP semantics, status codes, and content negotiation. Critical reference for HTTP-based API design, error handling, and protocol correctness.
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OpenAPI Specification (formerly Swagger) Industry standard for documenting and designing REST APIs. Covers API contracts, request/response schemas, and serves as foundation for API documentation and contract testing.
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gRPC Documentation Official gRPC documentation covering Protocol Buffers, service design, and streaming patterns. Essential for understanding gRPC as an alternative to REST and GraphQL.
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Web API Design: Best Practices (Apigee) Foundational guidance on practical API design including versioning, error handling, pagination, and authentication patterns from a leading API platform provider.
✦ Latest in API Design
Typed relationships here
Edges touching a API Design term.
- GraphQL Subscriptions Alternative to Long Polling & Server-Sent Events (SSE) Sep 25
- HTTP Methods — Idempotency & Safety Applies REST Architectural Constraints Sep 25
- GraphQL Subscriptions Realizes Pub/Sub Pattern Sep 25
- GraphQL Subscriptions Leverages WebSockets Sep 17
- GraphQL Subscriptions Specializes GraphQL Sep 17
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Terms pinged19 / 19
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API Request Timeout Handling
1
Client-side deadlines, retries with backoff, and circuit breakers that keep your app responsive when an upstream API fails to reply in time.
4mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Versioning
2
Strategies for evolving an API without breaking existing consumers — URI versioning, header versioning, and content negotiation.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
HTTP Content Negotiation
1
The HTTP mechanism by which clients declare what formats, languages, and encodings they accept (Accept, Accept-Language, Accept-Encoding) and servers respond with the best match — or 406 Not Acceptable if none fits.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
GraphQL Subscriptions
4
A GraphQL operation type that opens a long-lived connection to the server and pushes real-time data updates to the client whenever a specific event occurs.
7mo ago
API Design advanced
API Authentication Patterns
2
Bearer tokens (JWT) for user sessions, API keys for machine-to-machine, mTLS for highest-security internal services — matching authentication method to the use case.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Backwards Compatibility
2
Rules for evolving an API without breaking existing clients — additive changes are safe, removals and renames require versioning, and deprecation needs a documented sunset period.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Contract Testing
2
Consumer-driven contract tests verify that a provider API matches what consumers expect — catching breaking changes before deployment, without end-to-end tests.
7mo ago
API Design advanced
API Documentation
2
OpenAPI/Swagger for REST APIs, Postman collections for explorability, and Stoplight for design-first workflows — good API docs are the product's user interface for developers.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Idempotency Keys
PHP 7.0+
5
A client-generated unique key sent with non-idempotent requests — the server stores the response and returns it unchanged if the same key is received again, preventing duplicate operations.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Mocking
1
Prism (OpenAPI mock server), WireMock (HTTP stub server), Mockoon (GUI), and Guzzle MockHandler for PHP unit tests — enabling testing without real API calls.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
GraphQL vs REST vs gRPC
REST for public APIs and resource-oriented design, GraphQL for flexible client-driven queries, gRPC for high-performance internal service communication.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
Hypermedia APIs — HATEOAS
REST APIs that include links in responses — clients discover available actions from the response rather than hardcoding URLs, making APIs self-describing and evolvable.
7mo ago
API Design advanced
Webhook Design
PHP 5.0+
1
Best practices for reliable webhooks — HMAC signature verification, idempotency, delivery retry with exponential backoff, and handling slow consumers with queues.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Deprecation
2
The process of signalling that an API version, endpoint, or parameter will be removed — giving consumers time to migrate while maintaining backwards compatibility.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Error Handling
3
Returning structured, machine-readable error responses using appropriate HTTP status codes — enabling clients to handle errors programmatically without parsing message strings.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Pagination Patterns
1
Strategies for returning large collections in manageable chunks — offset/page-based, cursor/keyset, and hybrid approaches each suit different use cases.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
API Rate Limiting
1
Controlling how many requests a client can make in a time window — protecting against abuse, ensuring fair usage, and preventing accidental DoS from misbehaving clients.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate
GraphQL Schema Design
PHP 7.0+
9
Designing GraphQL schemas that are intuitive, evolvable, and performant — with clear type hierarchies, nullable conventions, and avoiding the N+1 query problem.
7mo ago
API Design advanced
REST Architectural Constraints
PHP 5.0+
1
The six constraints Fielding defined for REST — statelessness, uniform interface, client-server separation, cacheability, layered system, and optional code on demand.
7mo ago
API Design intermediate