Beginner terms
Accessible Data Tables
HTML tables marked up with correct semantic elements and ARIA roles so screen readers can announce cell context — column header, row header, and position — to the user.
6mo ago
Accessibility beginner
Anchors & Word Boundaries
PHP 5.3+
3
Zero-width assertions that match positions rather than characters — ^ matches start of string, $ matches end, \b matches a word boundary — ensuring patterns match in the correct location.
6mo ago
Regex beginner
Array.flat() & Array.flatMap()
ES2019
1
Array.flat(depth) flattens nested arrays; Array.flatMap() maps then flattens one level — more efficient than map().flat() and great for expanding items.
6mo ago
JavaScript beginner
array_column() — Plucking Values from Arrays
PHP 5.5+
array_column() extracts a single column from a multi-dimensional array or array of objects — the idiomatic PHP replacement for foreach loops that build lookup arrays, and for creating ID-indexed maps.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
array_find() / array_find_key() (PHP 8.4)
PHP 8.4+
4
PHP 8.4 adds array_find() and array_find_key() — built-in functions that return the first element (or key) matching a callback predicate, replacing verbose foreach loops or array_filter() + reset() patterns.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
Arrow Functions fn() => (PHP 7.4)
PHP 7.4+
PHP 7.4 arrow functions (fn($x) => $x * $factor) are short closures that automatically capture outer scope — no more use($var) boilerplate.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
ArgumentCountError — Wrong Arg Count
PHP 7.1+
PHP 7.1+ throws ArgumentCountError when too few arguments are passed to a function — too many arguments are silently ignored (unless using strict_types).
6mo ago
PHP beginner
Assigning new by Reference
PHP 8.1+
Writing $obj = &new ClassName() — assigning a new object by reference is redundant in PHP 5+ where objects are already passed by handle, not value.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
abstract (Classes & Methods)
PHP 5.0+
1
PHP keyword that prevents instantiation and enforces method implementation in subclasses.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
Allowlist vs Blocklist
PHP 5.0+ Allowlists define what is permitted; blocklists define what is forbidden. Allowlists are always more secure.
6mo ago
General beginner
API Key Exposure
4
API keys committed to version control, logged, or exposed in client-side code can be harvested and abused by attackers.
CWE-312 OWASP A2:2021
6mo ago
Security beginner
9.1
Architecture Decision Records (ADRs)
2
Short documents capturing the context, decision, and rationale for significant architectural choices — creating an institutional memory of why the system is built the way it is.
6mo ago
General beginner
Arrays
PHP 5.0+
10
The most fundamental data structure — a contiguous block of memory holding elements of the same type, offering O(1) index access but O(n) insertion and deletion in the middle.
6mo ago
Data Structures beginner
Arrow Functions (PHP 7.4)
PHP 7.4+
1
Concise single-expression anonymous functions using fn() that implicitly capture outer-scope variables by value.
6mo ago
PHP beginner
Asset Versioning & Browser Cache Strategy
1
Serving static assets with immutable long-lived cache headers plus content-hash filenames — maximising cache hits while guaranteeing instant cache-busting on change.
6mo ago
Performance beginner