Tag: unicode
Bidirectional Text (BiDi)
1
The handling of text that mixes left-to-right (LTR) and right-to-left (RTL) scripts in the same document — governed by the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, with CSS and HTML direction attributes controlling display.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
Collation & Locale-Aware Sorting
PHP 7.0+
1
Locale-specific rules for ordering strings alphabetically — determining that ä sorts near a in German but after z in traditional Swedish, and that sorting must not rely on byte values for Unicode text.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
mb_string — Multibyte String Functions
PHP 4.0+
2
PHP's native string functions operate on bytes, not characters. The mb_string extension provides mb_strlen(), mb_substr(), mb_strtolower() and 100+ equivalents that correctly handle multibyte encodings like UTF-8.
6mo ago
PHP intermediate
PHP Intl Extension
PHP 5.3+
3
PHP's built-in internationalisation extension wrapping ICU — MessageFormatter, Collator, NumberFormatter, DateFormatter, and Normalizer for correct multilingual handling.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
Unicode & Multibyte Regex
PHP 5.3+
2
The u flag enables UTF-8 mode and \p{} Unicode property classes — essential for correctly matching text in any language.
6mo ago
Regex intermediate
Unicode Fundamentals
PHP 5.0+
7
Unicode assigns every character a code point — UTF-8 encodes these as 1-4 bytes, making it the universal encoding for text on the web.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate