Intermediate terms
Large Language Models (LLMs)
2
Neural network models trained on vast text corpora that can generate, summarise, translate, and reason about text — the technology behind ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini.
6mo ago
AI / ML intermediate
Law of Demeter
A design guideline: a method should only call methods on itself, its parameters, objects it creates, and its direct fields.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
Law of Demeter — PHP Examples
The Law of Demeter (don't talk to strangers) limits method chains — each unit should call only its direct collaborators, not traverse object graphs.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
LDAP Injection
PHP 5.6+
Unsanitised input manipulates LDAP query filters, bypassing authentication or exposing directory data.
CWE-90 OWASP A3:2021
6mo ago
Security intermediate
7.5
Linux Processes
PHP 5.0+
1
Every running program is a process with a PID, memory space, and file descriptors — ps, top, kill, and signals are the essential tools for managing them.
6mo ago
Linux intermediate
Liskov Substitution Principle
1
Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types without altering the correctness of the program.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
Load Balancing
PHP 5.0+ Distributing incoming requests across multiple servers to maximise throughput, minimise latency, and eliminate single points of failure.
6mo ago
DevOps intermediate
Load Testing
PHP 5.0+
3
Testing system behaviour under expected and peak load conditions to identify performance bottlenecks and breaking points before they affect users.
6mo ago
Testing intermediate
Local File Inclusion (LFI)
PHP 5.0+
1
A PHP include/require driven by user input that can load arbitrary local files, sometimes leading to code execution.
CWE-98 OWASP A3:2021
6mo ago
Security intermediate
7.5
Locale-Aware Formatting
PHP 5.3+
Formatting numbers, currencies, and dates according to locale conventions — 1,234.56 in en-US is 1.234,56 in de-DE, and currency symbols and date formats vary by locale.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
Log Injection
PHP 5.0+
1
Writing unsanitised user input into log files allows attackers to forge log entries or inject control characters.
CWE-117 OWASP A9:2021
6mo ago
Security intermediate
5.3
Long Polling & Server-Sent Events (SSE)
PHP 5.0+
1
Server-side push techniques for PHP — long polling holds HTTP connections open until data is ready; SSE streams events over a persistent HTTP response.
6mo ago
Architecture intermediate