Intermediate terms
Push Notifications (Web)
1
Browser notifications delivered to users even when the web page is not open, implemented via the Push API and service workers — requiring explicit user permission and a server-side push service.
6mo ago
Mobile intermediate
PHP 5 OOP Revolution — Objects by Reference
PHP 5.0+
1
PHP 5 completely replaced PHP 4's object model — objects became reference-counted handles rather than copies, enabling true OOP with interfaces, abstract classes, visibility, and exceptions.
6mo ago
PHP intermediate
PHP 7 Performance — 2x Faster Than PHP 5.6
PHP 7.0+
PHP 7.0 (2015) delivered roughly double the throughput of PHP 5.6 through a complete rewrite of Zend Engine internals — without requiring any code changes for most applications.
6mo ago
PHP intermediate
Prototype Chain Errors & hasOwnProperty
ES2022
Iterating objects with for...in includes inherited prototype properties — use hasOwnProperty() or Object.keys() to iterate only own properties.
6mo ago
JavaScript intermediate
Package Typosquatting
Malicious packages published with names similar to popular ones (lodahs, requesst) hoping developers mistype — the package executes malicious code on install.
6mo ago
Security intermediate
Parameterised / Data-Driven Tests
PHP 5.0+
Running the same test logic with multiple input/output pairs — PHPUnit's @dataProvider eliminates copy-pasted test methods for the same behaviour with different values.
6mo ago
Testing intermediate
PCRE in PHP
PHP 5.0+
5
preg_match, preg_match_all, preg_replace, preg_split — and checking === false to distinguish errors from no-match.
6mo ago
Regex intermediate
Performance API & User Timing
ES2015
1
Browser APIs for measuring JavaScript execution time with high precision — performance.now(), performance.mark(), performance.measure(), and the PerformanceObserver.
6mo ago
JavaScript intermediate
PHP Date/Timezone Pitfalls
PHP 5.1+
2
Common PHP date and timezone bugs — relying on date_default_timezone_set(), comparing DateTime objects across timezones, and strtotime() ambiguity.
6mo ago
PHP intermediate
PHP Deployment on Cloud Platforms
PHP 5.0+
16
Deployment options for PHP on AWS, GCP, and Azure — EC2/VMs, containers (ECS, Cloud Run), serverless (Lambda via Bref), and PaaS (Elastic Beanstalk, App Engine).
6mo ago
Cloud intermediate
PHP Intl Extension
PHP 5.3+
3
PHP's built-in internationalisation extension wrapping ICU — MessageFormatter, Collator, NumberFormatter, DateFormatter, and Normalizer for correct multilingual handling.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
PHP Observability
PHP 8.0+
12
The three pillars of observability in PHP applications — structured logs, application metrics, and distributed traces — and the tools that provide them (Monolog, Prometheus, OpenTelemetry).
6mo ago
Observability intermediate
PHP Queue Workers
PHP 7.0+
1
Laravel Horizon for Redis queues with dashboard and auto-scaling; Supervisor for process management ensuring crashed workers automatically restart.
6mo ago
Messaging intermediate
Pluralisation Rules Across Languages
PHP 5.3+
1
Different languages have different plural forms — English has two (one/other), Arabic has six, Russian has three — gettext and ICU MessageFormat handle this correctly.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
Progressive Enhancement
Building web experiences in layers — semantic HTML baseline, CSS styling, JavaScript enhancement — ensuring core functionality works without JavaScript.
6mo ago
Frontend intermediate
Prototype Pattern
PHP 5.0+
Creating new objects by cloning a prototype — fast when object creation is expensive and variations are needed.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
PWA Installation & Add to Homescreen
HTML5
1
Progressive Web Apps can be installed to the home screen like native apps — requiring HTTPS, a Web App Manifest, and a Service Worker, plus meeting browser-specific installation criteria.
6mo ago
Mobile intermediate
Python Packaging
Python 3.7+
pyproject.toml with Poetry or PDM replaces setup.py and requirements.txt — providing locked, reproducible, separated dev/prod dependencies like composer.lock.
6mo ago
Python intermediate
Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies
Every time you create a subclass of one class, you must also create a corresponding subclass of another — a sign of entangled designs.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
Password Peppering
PHP 5.5+
A secret server-side value mixed into passwords before hashing — database theft alone is insufficient; the pepper must also be compromised.
OWASP A2:2021
6mo ago
Security intermediate