Tag: php
HTTP Cookies in PHP
PHP 7.3+
3
Cookies are small key-value pairs sent by the server via Set-Cookie and echoed back by the browser on every request — PHP sets them with setcookie() before any output, with Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite flags controlling safety.
3mo ago
PHP beginner
HTTPS & TLS
HTTP over TLS — encrypts all traffic between browser and server, preventing eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and tampering. Required for cookies, modern APIs, and all production web applications.
3mo ago
Security beginner
Hardcoded Credentials
PHP 5.0+
Passwords, API keys, or tokens written directly into source code — permanently exposed to anyone with repository access and impossible to rotate without a code change.
3mo ago
Security beginner
Hashing Algorithms Deep Dive
PHP 7.2+
Comparing hash functions for different use cases — MD5/SHA-1 (broken, legacy), SHA-256/BLAKE3 (data integrity), bcrypt/Argon2 (passwords), xxHash/MurmurHash (non-cryptographic, fast).
3mo ago
Algorithms intermediate
HTML Meta Tags & SEO
PHP 5.0+
1
Essential meta tags for search engine visibility and social sharing — title, description, canonical, Open Graph, Twitter Card, and structured data.
3mo ago
Frontend beginner
HTTP Request-Response Cycle
3
The complete lifecycle of an HTTP request — DNS resolution, TCP connection, TLS handshake, request transmission, server processing, and response delivery.
3mo ago
Networking intermediate
hash_equals()
PHP 5.6+
2
Constant-time string comparison that prevents timing attacks when validating tokens and CSRF values.
3mo ago
PHP intermediate
Heaps & Priority Queues
PHP 5.3+
2
A tree-based structure satisfying the heap property — min-heap: parent ≤ children; max-heap: parent ≥ children — enabling O(1) peek and O(log n) insert/extract for priority queues.
3mo ago
Data Structures intermediate
Heredoc / Nowdoc
PHP 5.0+
Heredoc (<<<EOT) and Nowdoc (<<<'EOT') provide multi-line string syntax; Nowdoc is the single-quoted equivalent with no variable interpolation.
3mo ago
PHP beginner
htmlspecialchars()
PHP 5.0+
1
Converts HTML special characters to entities — the primary defence against XSS in HTML output contexts.
3mo ago
PHP beginner