Tag: database
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Most referenced — #database
JSON Columns in MySQL & PostgreSQL 1Keyset Pagination 1SQLite in Production 1Batch Processing 1Stored Procedures vs Application Logic 1Database Indexing 1Common Table Expressions (CTEs) 1Database Indexes — Types & Trade-offs 1
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Deadlock
A deadlock occurs when two or more processes each hold a resource the other needs — both wait forever. Prevention requires consistent lock ordering or timeouts.
2mo ago
concurrency intermediate
OLAP vs OLTP
OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) optimises for many small, fast read/write operations — your main application database. OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) optimises for few, large analytical queries scanning millions of rows — your reporting and analytics database.
2mo ago
database intermediate
Optimistic Locking
Optimistic locking detects conflicts at commit time using a version number — no locks held during the transaction, high throughput for low-contention scenarios.
2mo ago
concurrency intermediate
ORM — Object-Relational Mapper PHP 7.0+
A library that maps database rows to PHP objects and vice versa — handling SQL generation, relationships, and lazy loading, at the cost of hiding query behaviour that can cause N+1 problems if used carelessly.
2mo ago
database beginner
Pessimistic Locking
Pessimistic locking acquires an exclusive lock immediately on read — preventing any concurrent modification. Right for high-contention scenarios but reduces throughput.
2mo ago
concurrency intermediate
Query Optimisation
The process of rewriting SQL queries and database structures to reduce execution time — using EXPLAIN to identify full table scans, adding targeted indexes, rewriting JOINs, and eliminating N+1 patterns.
2mo ago
database intermediate
SQLite in Production PHP 5.1+
SQLite is a serverless, file-based SQL database that is appropriate for production use in single-server applications, edge deployments, and embedded systems — with specific limitations around concurrent writes that make it unsuitable for multi-server setups.
2mo ago
database intermediate
PDO Introduction — Replacing mysql_* with Prepared Statements PHP 5.1+
PDO (PHP Data Objects), introduced in PHP 5.1, provided a unified database abstraction layer with named parameters and prepared statements — finally making SQL injection prevention structurally reliable.
2mo ago
php beginner
Active Record Pattern PHP 5.0+
A design pattern where a database row is wrapped in an object that includes both the data and the persistence logic — the object knows how to save, update, and delete itself.
2mo ago
quality intermediate
B-Trees & B+ Trees
Self-balancing tree structures used in database indexes — each node holds multiple keys, keeping the tree shallow and minimising disk I/O for range queries.
2mo ago
data_structures advanced
Column-Level Encryption PHP 7.1+
Encrypting sensitive database columns (SSN, credit card, medical data) — application holds the key; database never sees plaintext; breach exposes only ciphertext.
2mo ago
database advanced
Database Replication PHP 5.0+ Copying data from one database server to replicas — synchronous replication guarantees zero data loss, asynchronous is faster but risks losing recent writes on failure.
2mo ago
database intermediate
Database Seeding & Fixture Management PHP 5.0+
Populating databases with consistent, reproducible test and development data — using factories, seeders, and fixtures to create realistic scenarios without manual data entry.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Database Triggers PHP 5.0+ Stored procedures that fire automatically on INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE — useful for audit logs and enforcing constraints, but dangerous when they become hidden business logic.
2mo ago
database intermediate
Document Stores PHP 7.0+
Databases that store semi-structured documents (JSON/BSON) — MongoDB, CouchDB — flexible schema, nested data, and horizontal scaling at the cost of no joins and eventual consistency.
2mo ago
database intermediate
DSN Security & Connection String Secrets PHP 5.0+
Database credentials in connection strings must never be hardcoded — use environment variables or secrets managers, least-privilege users, and never log DSNs.
2mo ago
database intermediate
Eventual Consistency in Databases A consistency model where replicas are not immediately synchronised — all nodes will converge to the same state given no new writes, trading consistency for availability and partition tolerance.
2mo ago
database advanced
Graph Databases
Databases where relationships are first-class citizens — Neo4j, Amazon Neptune — optimised for traversing complex networks of connected entities that are expensive in relational databases.
2mo ago
database advanced
Managed Databases
Cloud-hosted database services where the provider manages patching, backups, failover, and scaling — RDS (AWS), Cloud SQL (GCP), Azure Database — trading control for operational simplicity.
2mo ago
cloud intermediate
Polyglot Persistence
Using multiple different database technologies in a single application — each chosen for what it does best rather than forcing all data into one general-purpose store.
2mo ago
general advanced