Terms starting with "A"
Advanced Python Dataclasses
Python 3.7+
1
Dataclasses auto-generate __init__, __repr__, __eq__ from field declarations — advanced features include frozen (immutable), slots (memory-efficient), and field metadata.
3mo ago
python intermediate
AI Agents & Tool Use
2
AI agents combine LLMs with tools (functions, APIs, code execution) to autonomously complete multi-step tasks — moving from single-shot Q&A to goal-directed action.
3mo ago
ai_ml advanced
AI Hallucination
9
When an LLM generates confident, plausible-sounding text that is factually incorrect — a fundamental property of next-token prediction, not a bug to be patched away.
3mo ago
ai_ml intermediate
AI Security
2
Security risks specific to AI systems — prompt injection, training data poisoning, model extraction, and insecure output handling that differ from traditional application security.
3mo ago
ai_ml advanced
Alerting & On-Call
PHP 5.0+
1
Automated notifications triggered when SLIs breach SLO thresholds — effective alerting is actionable, low-noise, and tied to clear runbooks.
3mo ago
devops intermediate
allow_url_fopen / allow_url_include
PHP 5.0+
1
PHP INI settings that permit file functions and include/require to load remote URLs — a major SSRF and RFI enabler.
CWE-98 OWASP A5:2021
3mo ago
php intermediate
9.8
Allowlist vs Blocklist
PHP 5.0+ Allowlists define what is permitted; blocklists define what is forbidden. Allowlists are always more secure.
3mo ago
general beginner
Anemic Domain Model (Anti-Pattern)
1
Domain objects with only data (getters/setters) and no behaviour — business logic scattered across service classes.
3mo ago
quality advanced
Anonymous Classes (PHP 7.0)
PHP 7.0+
2
Classes without a name, defined inline with new class — useful for one-off implementations and test doubles.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Anti-Corruption Layer
A translation layer between two systems with different models — preventing a legacy or external system's concepts and terminology from leaking into the domain model.
3mo ago
architecture advanced
Apache Kafka
A distributed event streaming platform — topics, partitions, and consumer groups enable high-throughput, fault-tolerant, replayable message streams at massive scale.
3mo ago
messaging advanced
APCu — In-Process User Cache
PHP 5.4+ APCu stores PHP values in shared memory within the PHP-FPM pool — the fastest possible cache with no network hop overhead.
3mo ago
performance intermediate
API Deprecation
The process of signalling that an API version, endpoint, or parameter will be removed — giving consumers time to migrate while maintaining backwards compatibility.
3mo ago
api_design intermediate
API Design Principles
Guidelines for designing interfaces — method signatures, HTTP endpoints, error responses — that are intuitive, consistent, and evolvable.
3mo ago
architecture intermediate
API Error Handling
Returning structured, machine-readable error responses using appropriate HTTP status codes — enabling clients to handle errors programmatically without parsing message strings.
3mo ago
api_design intermediate
API Gateway Pattern
A single entry point for all clients that handles routing, authentication, rate limiting, and protocol translation for backend services.
3mo ago
architecture intermediate
API Key Exposure
1
API keys committed to version control, logged, or exposed in client-side code can be harvested and abused by attackers.
CWE-312 OWASP A2:2021
3mo ago
security beginner
9.1
API Pagination Patterns
Strategies for returning large collections in manageable chunks — offset/page-based, cursor/keyset, and hybrid approaches each suit different use cases.
3mo ago
api_design intermediate
API Rate Limiting
Controlling how many requests a client can make in a time window — protecting against abuse, ensuring fair usage, and preventing accidental DoS from misbehaving clients.
3mo ago
api_design intermediate
Arbitrary File Upload
PHP 5.0+ Accepting file uploads without validating type, extension, and content can allow PHP shell uploads and RCE.
CWE-434 OWASP A4:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
9.8