Beginner terms
Accessible Data Tables
HTML tables marked up with correct semantic elements and ARIA roles so screen readers can announce cell context — column header, row header, and position — to the user.
3mo ago
accessibility beginner
Anchors & Word Boundaries
PHP 5.3+
1
Zero-width assertions that match positions rather than characters — ^ matches start of string, $ matches end, \b matches a word boundary — ensuring patterns match in the correct location.
3mo ago
regex beginner
Array.flat() & Array.flatMap()
ES2019
Array.flat(depth) flattens nested arrays; Array.flatMap() maps then flattens one level — more efficient than map().flat() and great for expanding items.
3mo ago
javascript beginner
array_column() — Plucking Values from Arrays
PHP 5.5+
array_column() extracts a single column from a multi-dimensional array or array of objects — the idiomatic PHP replacement for foreach loops that build lookup arrays, and for creating ID-indexed maps.
3mo ago
php beginner
array_find() / array_find_key() (PHP 8.4)
PHP 8.4+
4
PHP 8.4 adds array_find() and array_find_key() — built-in functions that return the first element (or key) matching a callback predicate, replacing verbose foreach loops or array_filter() + reset() patterns.
3mo ago
php beginner
Arrow Functions fn() => (PHP 7.4)
PHP 7.4+
PHP 7.4 arrow functions (fn($x) => $x * $factor) are short closures that automatically capture outer scope — no more use($var) boilerplate.
3mo ago
php beginner
ArgumentCountError — Wrong Arg Count
PHP 7.1+
PHP 7.1+ throws ArgumentCountError when too few arguments are passed to a function — too many arguments are silently ignored (unless using strict_types).
3mo ago
php beginner
Assigning new by Reference
PHP 8.1+
Writing $obj = &new ClassName() — assigning a new object by reference is redundant in PHP 5+ where objects are already passed by handle, not value.
3mo ago
php beginner
abstract (Classes & Methods)
PHP 5.0+
1
PHP keyword that prevents instantiation and enforces method implementation in subclasses.
3mo ago
php beginner
Allowlist vs Blocklist
PHP 5.0+ Allowlists define what is permitted; blocklists define what is forbidden. Allowlists are always more secure.
3mo ago
general beginner
API Key Exposure
2
API keys committed to version control, logged, or exposed in client-side code can be harvested and abused by attackers.
CWE-312 OWASP A2:2021
3mo ago
security beginner
9.1
Architecture Decision Records (ADRs)
Short documents capturing the context, decision, and rationale for significant architectural choices — creating an institutional memory of why the system is built the way it is.
3mo ago
general beginner
Arrays
PHP 5.0+
9
The most fundamental data structure — a contiguous block of memory holding elements of the same type, offering O(1) index access but O(n) insertion and deletion in the middle.
3mo ago
data_structures beginner
Arrow Functions (PHP 7.4)
PHP 7.4+
1
Concise single-expression anonymous functions using fn() that implicitly capture outer-scope variables by value.
3mo ago
php beginner
Asset Versioning & Browser Cache Strategy
1
Serving static assets with immutable long-lived cache headers plus content-hash filenames — maximising cache hits while guaranteeing instant cache-busting on change.
3mo ago
performance beginner