Intermediate terms
Composer Scripts & Hooks
PHP 5.3+
2
Composer's scripts section automates tasks triggered on lifecycle events (install, update) or run manually — cache clearing, migrations, asset builds.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Composite Pattern
Treats individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly through a shared interface, enabling tree-structured hierarchies.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Composition Over Inheritance
1
Favour assembling behaviour from injected collaborator objects rather than inheriting it from a parent class.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Connection Pooling
PHP 5.0+ Reusing a pool of pre-established database connections rather than opening and closing a new connection on every request.
3mo ago
performance intermediate
Container Security
PHP 5.0+ Security practices for building and running containers — minimal base images, non-root users, read-only filesystems, image scanning, and runtime security controls.
3mo ago
devops intermediate
Containerisation (Docker for PHP)
PHP 5.0+
1
Packaging PHP applications and their dependencies into Docker containers for consistent, reproducible environments from dev to production.
3mo ago
devops intermediate
Content Security Policy (CSP)
PHP 5.0+ An HTTP response header that restricts which scripts, styles, and resources the browser is allowed to load.
3mo ago
security intermediate
Context Managers & with Statement
Python 2.5+
1
The with statement guarantees __exit__ runs even on exception — used for file handles, locks, transactions, and any resource needing cleanup.
3mo ago
python intermediate
Continuous Deployment (CD)
PHP 5.0+ Automatically deploying every commit that passes CI to production, eliminating manual release steps.
3mo ago
devops intermediate
Conway's Law
"Organisations design systems that mirror their own communication structure" — team topology shapes architecture whether you plan it or not.
3mo ago
general intermediate
Core Web Vitals
ES2015
1
Google's set of performance metrics — LCP, INP, and CLS — that measure loading speed, interactivity, and visual stability, used as a direct search ranking signal.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
Core Web Vitals & Page Performance
2
Google's Core Web Vitals — LCP, INP, CLS — measure real user experience and directly influence search ranking.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
CORS
PHP 5.0+ Cross-Origin Resource Sharing — the browser mechanism that controls which cross-origin requests are permitted, using HTTP headers negotiated between client and server.
3mo ago
networking intermediate
CORS Misconfiguration
PHP 5.0+
Overly permissive Cross-Origin Resource Sharing headers allow malicious sites to read sensitive API responses.
CWE-942 OWASP A5:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
7.5
Coupling
The degree to which one module depends on another; high coupling makes changes expensive and testing difficult.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Covering Index
An index that contains all columns referenced by a query, allowing the database to answer it entirely from the index without touching the table.
3mo ago
performance intermediate
Credential Stuffing
PHP 5.0+
Automated injection of username/password pairs from previous data breaches to gain access to accounts where users reused credentials.
CWE-307 OWASP A7:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
8.1
CRLF Injection
PHP 5.0+
Injecting carriage-return and line-feed characters into HTTP headers splits responses or injects new headers, enabling log poisoning and XSS.
CWE-93 OWASP A3:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
6.1
CSPRNG
PHP 7.0+
1
Cryptographically Secure Pseudo-Random Number Generator — produces unpredictable values suitable for security tokens.
3mo ago
security intermediate
CSS Animations & Transitions
CSS3 CSS transitions animate property changes smoothly; keyframe animations define multi-step sequences — both should use GPU-composited properties (transform, opacity) for smooth 60fps.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate