Intermediate terms
PHP 7 Performance — 2x Faster Than PHP 5.6
PHP 7.0+
PHP 7.0 (2015) delivered roughly double the throughput of PHP 5.6 through a complete rewrite of Zend Engine internals — without requiring any code changes for most applications.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Prototype Chain Errors & hasOwnProperty
ES2022
Iterating objects with for...in includes inherited prototype properties — use hasOwnProperty() or Object.keys() to iterate only own properties.
3mo ago
javascript intermediate
Package Typosquatting
Malicious packages published with names similar to popular ones (lodahs, requesst) hoping developers mistype — the package executes malicious code on install.
3mo ago
security intermediate
Parameterised / Data-Driven Tests
PHP 5.0+
Running the same test logic with multiple input/output pairs — PHPUnit's @dataProvider eliminates copy-pasted test methods for the same behaviour with different values.
3mo ago
testing intermediate
PCRE in PHP
PHP 5.0+
3
preg_match, preg_match_all, preg_replace, preg_split — and checking === false to distinguish errors from no-match.
3mo ago
regex intermediate
Performance API & User Timing
ES2015
1
Browser APIs for measuring JavaScript execution time with high precision — performance.now(), performance.mark(), performance.measure(), and the PerformanceObserver.
3mo ago
javascript intermediate
PHP Date/Timezone Pitfalls
PHP 5.1+
Common PHP date and timezone bugs — relying on date_default_timezone_set(), comparing DateTime objects across timezones, and strtotime() ambiguity.
3mo ago
php intermediate
PHP Deployment on Cloud Platforms
PHP 5.0+
10
Deployment options for PHP on AWS, GCP, and Azure — EC2/VMs, containers (ECS, Cloud Run), serverless (Lambda via Bref), and PaaS (Elastic Beanstalk, App Engine).
3mo ago
cloud intermediate
PHP Intl Extension
PHP 5.3+
3
PHP's built-in internationalisation extension wrapping ICU — MessageFormatter, Collator, NumberFormatter, DateFormatter, and Normalizer for correct multilingual handling.
3mo ago
i18n intermediate
PHP Observability
PHP 8.0+
13
The three pillars of observability in PHP applications — structured logs, application metrics, and distributed traces — and the tools that provide them (Monolog, Prometheus, OpenTelemetry).
3mo ago
observability intermediate
PHP Queue Workers
PHP 7.0+
1
Laravel Horizon for Redis queues with dashboard and auto-scaling; Supervisor for process management ensuring crashed workers automatically restart.
3mo ago
messaging intermediate
Pluralisation Rules Across Languages
PHP 5.3+
Different languages have different plural forms — English has two (one/other), Arabic has six, Russian has three — gettext and ICU MessageFormat handle this correctly.
3mo ago
i18n intermediate
Progressive Enhancement
Building web experiences in layers — semantic HTML baseline, CSS styling, JavaScript enhancement — ensuring core functionality works without JavaScript.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
Prototype Pattern
PHP 5.0+
Creating new objects by cloning a prototype — fast when object creation is expensive and variations are needed.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
PWA Installation & Add to Homescreen
HTML5
1
Progressive Web Apps can be installed to the home screen like native apps — requiring HTTPS, a Web App Manifest, and a Service Worker, plus meeting browser-specific installation criteria.
3mo ago
mobile intermediate
Python Packaging
Python 3.7+
pyproject.toml with Poetry or PDM replaces setup.py and requirements.txt — providing locked, reproducible, separated dev/prod dependencies like composer.lock.
3mo ago
python intermediate
Parallel Inheritance Hierarchies
Every time you create a subclass of one class, you must also create a corresponding subclass of another — a sign of entangled designs.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Password Peppering
PHP 5.5+
A secret server-side value mixed into passwords before hashing — database theft alone is insufficient; the pepper must also be compromised.
OWASP A2:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
Path Normalisation Bypass
PHP 5.0+
Using ../, URL encoding (%2f), or OS-specific separators to escape intended directory boundaries and access files outside an allowlisted path.
CWE-22 OWASP A1:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
7.5
Path Traversal
PHP 5.0+
2
User input used in a file path allows attackers to navigate outside the intended directory using ../ sequences.
CWE-22 OWASP A3:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
7.5