Intermediate terms
CSS Cascade, Specificity & Inheritance
CSS3
1
How browsers decide which CSS rule wins — cascade layers, origin, specificity score, and source order all play a role.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
CSS Container Queries
CSS4
A CSS feature that lets elements adapt their styles based on their parent container's size rather than the viewport — enabling truly reusable responsive components.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
CSS Flexbox & Grid
CSS3
Flexbox handles one-dimensional layouts (row or column); Grid handles two-dimensional layouts — together they replace float and table hacks.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
CSS Specificity
CSS3
The algorithm browsers use to determine which CSS rule wins when multiple rules target the same element — calculated as a three-part score (ID, class, element).
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
cURL in PHP
PHP 5.0+
1
PHP's cURL extension enables making HTTP, FTP, and other protocol requests — the standard way to consume external APIs and services.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Cyclomatic Complexity
3
A count of linearly independent paths through a function — each if, for, while, case, and && adds 1.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Closures & Anonymous Functions
PHP 5.3+
1
First-class anonymous functions that can capture variables from their enclosing scope via the use keyword.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Cognitive Complexity
7
A readability-focused complexity metric that penalises nesting more heavily than cyclomatic complexity.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
PHP 5.0+
1
A forged request tricks an authenticated user's browser into performing an unintended action on a site they're logged into.
CWE-352 OWASP A1:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
6.5
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
PHP 5.0+
1
User-supplied content rendered in the browser without escaping, allowing script injection into other users' sessions.
CWE-79 OWASP A3:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
6.1