Intermediate terms
Infrastructure as Code (IaC) Tools
Tools like Terraform, Pulumi, and AWS CDK that define cloud infrastructure in code — enabling version control, reproducibility, and automated provisioning.
3mo ago
cloud intermediate
Infrastructure Drift
When the actual state of infrastructure diverges from its declared desired state — caused by manual changes, failed deployments, or out-of-band modifications that bypass IaC.
3mo ago
devops intermediate
Insecure Password Reset Flow
PHP 5.0+
Weaknesses in the password-reset mechanism allow attackers to take over accounts without knowing the original password.
CWE-640 OWASP A7:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
8.1
Insecure TLS / SSL
PHP 5.0+
Use of deprecated SSL/TLS versions or weak cipher suites exposes encrypted traffic to interception or decryption attacks.
CWE-326 OWASP A2:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
7.4
Integration Testing
PHP 5.0+
3
Tests that verify multiple components work correctly together — often involving real databases, HTTP clients, or third-party services.
3mo ago
testing intermediate
Interface Segregation Principle
Clients should not be forced to depend on interfaces they do not use — prefer many small, focused interfaces over one large one.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Interface vs Abstract Class
PHP 5.0+ Interfaces define pure capability contracts with no state; abstract classes add shared implementation. Use interfaces for type contracts, abstract for shared behaviour.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Interfaces
PHP 5.0+
2
Contracts that define a set of method signatures a class must implement, enabling polymorphism without inheritance.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Intersection Observer API
ES2015
A browser API that efficiently detects when elements enter or leave the viewport — replacing scroll event listeners for lazy loading, infinite scroll, and animation triggers.
3mo ago
frontend intermediate
Intersection Types (PHP 8.1)
PHP 8.1+
1
Require a value to satisfy multiple type constraints simultaneously, declared as TypeA&TypeB — useful for combining interfaces.
3mo ago
php intermediate
IPv6 for Web Developers
The successor to IPv4 with 128-bit addresses — effectively unlimited address space, mandatory in modern infrastructure, with some practical differences for web applications.
3mo ago
networking intermediate
Iterator Pattern
PHP 5.0+
Provides a uniform way to traverse a collection without exposing its internal structure — the foundation of PHP's foreach and SPL iterators.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Iterators & IteratorAggregate
PHP 5.0+
PHP interfaces that allow custom objects to be used in foreach loops, enabling lazy and memory-efficient iteration over any data source.
3mo ago
php intermediate
Immutability
PHP 8.1+
3
Objects whose state cannot change after construction — immutable objects are inherently thread-safe, predictable, and easy to reason about.
3mo ago
quality intermediate
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)
PHP 5.0+
1
A user accesses another user's data by changing an ID in a URL or request — no authorisation check performed.
CWE-639 OWASP A1:2021
3mo ago
security intermediate
7.5