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Written for developers. Structured for AI citation.

A developer glossary, written to teach — built to be cited.

1.4k terms across 32 categories — definitions, examples, common mistakes and fixes. Authored under one editorial standard. Cross-linked, searchable, and openly crawled by AI agents.

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Most referenced terms

CSRF Token Handling in Fetch & Axios 3 Flame Graphs for PHP Profiling 3 Fetch API & HTTP Requests 3 Composite Pattern 3 Functional Array Methods (JS) 2 JSON Columns in MySQL & PostgreSQL 2 Advanced Python Dataclasses 2 ereg() / eregi() — POSIX Regex Removed in PHP 7 2

Division by Zero & DivisionByZeroError 10 Undefined Array Key / Offset Errors 8 PHP Execution Model — Shared-Nothing Architecture 6 Psalm Type Annotations 5 PDOStatement::bindParam() vs bindValue() 5 Transaction Script Pattern 4 Retry Pattern with Exponential Backoff 4 AI Prompt Versioning 4

Test-Driven Development (TDD) 1.5k Dijkstra's Shortest Path Algorithm 1.2k Smoke Testing 283 Write-Ahead Log (WAL) 196 Array Destructuring ([] = …) 194 Type Coercion 184 Raft Consensus Algorithm 164 password_hash() — Native Bcrypt (PHP 5.5) 161

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Load Balancer Types — L4 vs L7

Layer-4 load balancers forward raw TCP/UDP packets based on IP and port; layer-7 load balancers terminate HTTP and route based on paths, headers and cookies — different trade-offs for different traffic.

4w ago cloud intermediate

A browser feature that attaches a scoped, encapsulated DOM subtree to an element — styles and IDs inside the shadow tree do not leak in or out, enabling true component isolation on the web.

4w ago frontend intermediate

Software Composition Analysis (SCA)

The practice and tooling for identifying all open-source and third-party components in a codebase, detecting known vulnerabilities (CVEs) in them, and flagging licence risks — distinct from static analysis of your own code.

4w ago security intermediate

Technical Writing for Developers

The craft of writing documentation, READMEs, design docs, RFCs, and comments clearly enough that another engineer can act on them without asking you — a force multiplier that most developers undertrain.

4w ago general beginner

Diagram: Covariance & Contravariance

Covariance & Contravariance 4.7

Variance describes how subtype relationships on a type's components affect subtype relationships on the whole type — covariant types follow the direction, contravariant types reverse it.

1mo ago typescript advanced

Diagram: Discriminated Unions

Discriminated Unions 2.0

A union of types that each carry a shared literal field (the discriminant) allowing TypeScript to narrow exhaustively — the canonical way to model mutually exclusive states.

1mo ago typescript intermediate

Diagram: Module Augmentation & Declaration Merging

Module Augmentation & Declaration Merging 2.0

Module augmentation lets you extend third-party or global type definitions without modifying their source — adding properties to existing interfaces, modules, or the global scope.

1mo ago typescript advanced

Diagram: Recursive Types

Recursive Types 3.7

Types that reference themselves to describe arbitrarily nested structures — trees, nested menus, JSON, linked lists — without requiring any escape hatch.

1mo ago typescript advanced

Diagram: Type Guards & Narrowing

Type Guards & Narrowing 2.0

Type guards are expressions that narrow a union type to a more specific type at runtime — telling TypeScript exactly which branch of a union you're in.

1mo ago typescript intermediate

async / await in JavaScript ES2017

async functions always return a Promise; await pauses execution inside an async function until a Promise settles — giving asynchronous code the readability of synchronous code without blocking the event loop.

1mo ago javascript intermediate

Brute-Force Protection

Defences against automated credential-guessing attacks — rate limiting login attempts, account lockout, CAPTCHA, and multi-factor authentication to make guessing passwords computationally infeasible.

CWE-307 OWASP A7:2021

1mo ago security intermediate

ES Modules (ESM) ES2015

The official JavaScript module system — import and export statements enable static dependency graphs, tree-shaking, and native browser module loading without a bundler.

1mo ago javascript intermediate

Fetch API ES2015

The browser-native Promise-based API for making HTTP requests — replacing XMLHttpRequest with a cleaner interface supporting streaming, CORS, and request/response objects.

1mo ago javascript beginner

HTTP Cookies in PHP PHP 7.3+

Cookies are small key-value pairs sent by the server via Set-Cookie and echoed back by the browser on every request — PHP sets them with setcookie() before any output, with Secure, HttpOnly, and SameSite flags controlling safety.

1mo ago php beginner

Insecure Deserialization

Deserializing attacker-controlled data can trigger arbitrary object construction and method calls — PHP's unserialize() with untrusted input enables remote code execution via gadget chains in the loaded class graph.

CWE-502 OWASP A8:2021

1mo ago security advanced

Memory Management in JavaScript

JavaScript uses automatic garbage collection — the engine reclaims memory when objects are no longer reachable. Memory leaks occur when references are unintentionally retained, preventing collection.

1mo ago javascript intermediate

An authorisation framework that lets users grant third-party applications limited access to their resources without sharing passwords — using short-lived access tokens issued via defined flows for different client types.

CWE-287 OWASP A7:2021

1mo ago security intermediate

Side-channel attacks that infer secret values by measuring how long an operation takes — a string comparison that short-circuits on the first mismatch leaks information about the secret one character at a time.

1mo ago security advanced

Canonical URL (rel=canonical)

A <link rel='canonical'> tag that tells search engines which URL is the authoritative version of a page — preventing duplicate content from splitting ranking signals across multiple URLs.

1mo ago frontend intermediate

Core Web Vitals

Google's three field-measured performance metrics — LCP (loading), INP (interactivity), CLS (visual stability) — used as direct search ranking signals since 2021.

1mo ago performance intermediate

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