General terms
Foundational concepts every developer needs in their toolkit
Some concepts underpin every language, framework, and paradigm in software development. This category captures the foundational vocabulary — from data types and memory models to recursion, abstraction, and computational complexity — that every developer needs regardless of their specialisation. If a term does not fit neatly elsewhere, it probably belongs here.
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Blameless Culture
An organisational norm where incidents and mistakes are treated as systemic learning opportunities rather than individual failures deserving punishment.
2mo ago
general beginner
Brooks's Law
"Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later" — new developers require onboarding time and increase communication overhead before contributing productively.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Bug Bounty Programme
A programme offering financial rewards to security researchers who responsibly disclose vulnerabilities in a vendor's systems.
2mo ago
general beginner
Bus Factor
The minimum number of team members who could be incapacitated before a project stalls — a measure of knowledge concentration risk.
2mo ago
general beginner
Code Documentation
Written explanations of code intent, architecture decisions, APIs, and operational concerns — distinct from comments in source files.
2mo ago
general beginner
Code Review PHP 5.0+
A systematic peer examination of source code before merging, catching bugs, sharing knowledge, and enforcing standards.
2mo ago
general beginner
Conway's Law
"Organisations design systems that mirror their own communication structure" — team topology shapes architecture whether you plan it or not.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Database Migrations PHP 5.0+
Version-controlled, incremental scripts that evolve the database schema alongside code, enabling reproducible deployments and rollbacks.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Database Normalisation PHP 5.0+
Organising relational database tables to reduce redundancy and improve integrity — from 1NF through 3NF (and beyond) as design guidelines.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Decorator Pattern PHP 5.0+
Wraps an object to add new behaviour dynamically without modifying its class or using inheritance.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Defence in Depth PHP 5.0+ Layering multiple independent security controls so that bypassing one does not compromise the whole system.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Developer Experience (DX)
The quality of a developer's interactions with tools, APIs, documentation, and processes — good DX reduces friction, speeds onboarding, and increases productivity.
2mo ago
general beginner
Documentation as Code
Treating documentation with the same discipline as code — version controlled, reviewed in pull requests, tested for accuracy, and kept close to the code it describes.
2mo ago
general beginner
Dynamic Analysis (DAST)
Testing a running application by sending crafted inputs to discover vulnerabilities that only manifest at runtime.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Entropy PHP 7.0+
A measure of unpredictability in a value — high entropy means many possible values, making brute-force infeasible.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Factory Pattern
Delegates object creation to a dedicated factory, decoupling the creator from the created class and allowing subclass instantiation.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Goodhart's Law
"When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure" — optimising for metrics corrupts them and misses the underlying goal.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Hyrum's Law
"With enough API users, all observable behaviours will be depended upon, regardless of documented contract" — implicit behaviours become de facto API.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Idempotency
An operation is idempotent if performing it multiple times produces the same result as performing it once — essential for safe retries.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Mob Programming
The whole team works on one task at one computer simultaneously — combining pair programming across the entire team for complex or knowledge-critical work.
2mo ago
general beginner