General terms
Foundational concepts every developer needs in their toolkit
Some concepts underpin every language, framework, and paradigm in software development. This category captures the foundational vocabulary — from data types and memory models to recursion, abstraction, and computational complexity — that every developer needs regardless of their specialisation. If a term does not fit neatly elsewhere, it probably belongs here.
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Observer Pattern PHP 5.0+
Defines a one-to-many dependency so that when one object changes state, all its registered observers are notified automatically.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Pair Programming
Two developers work together at one workstation — one writing code (driver), one reviewing and guiding (navigator).
2mo ago
general beginner
Penetration Testing PHP 5.0+
A simulated cyberattack against a system, conducted by security professionals, to identify exploitable vulnerabilities before attackers do.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Principle of Least Privilege PHP 5.0+
Every component should operate with the minimum permissions required to do its job — nothing more.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Rainbow Table PHP 5.5+
A precomputed lookup table mapping hash values back to their original inputs — used to crack unsalted password hashes.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Refactoring PHP 5.0+
Improving code structure without changing its external behaviour — cleaning up debt while keeping tests green.
2mo ago
general beginner
Responsible Vulnerability Disclosure
The practice of privately reporting security vulnerabilities to vendors before publishing, allowing time for a fix.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Separation of Concerns
Organising code so that each part addresses a distinct concern — business logic, data access, presentation — with minimal overlap.
2mo ago
general beginner
Singleton (Anti-Pattern)
A class that restricts instantiation to a single instance — widely considered an anti-pattern due to hidden global state and testability issues.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Soft Delete Pattern PHP 5.0+
Marking records as deleted with a flag or timestamp rather than removing them, preserving data for audit trails and recovery.
2mo ago
general beginner
Static Analysis PHP 7.1+ Automated inspection of source code without execution to find type errors, security issues, dead code, and style violations.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Strategy Pattern PHP 5.0+
Defines a family of interchangeable algorithms behind a common interface, allowing the algorithm to be selected at runtime.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Threat Modelling PHP 5.0+ A structured analysis process for identifying security threats, attack vectors, and appropriate countermeasures during design.
2mo ago
general intermediate
UUID vs Auto-Increment IDs
UUIDs are globally unique identifiers that don't expose record counts or enable enumeration, at the cost of larger index size and random writes.
2mo ago
general beginner
Zero Trust PHP 5.0+
Never trust, always verify — authenticate and authorise every request regardless of network location.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Input Validation vs Output Encoding PHP 5.0+
Validation checks that input is acceptable; output encoding makes data safe for the context it's rendered in. Both are required.
2mo ago
general beginner
Repository Pattern PHP 5.0+ Abstracts the data persistence layer behind an interface, decoupling domain logic from database implementation details.
2mo ago
general intermediate
Single Responsibility Principle PHP 5.0+
A class or function should have one reason to change — doing one thing and doing it well.
2mo ago
general beginner