Intermediate terms
Competency Questions
Natural-language queries that specify what a knowledge graph or ontology must be able to answer, used to scope and validate the model.
1w ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
Cloud KMS Key Management
PHP 7.4+ Managed services (AWS KMS, Azure Key Vault, Google Cloud KMS) that generate, store, rotate, and gate access to encryption keys via IAM.
CWE-320 OWASP A02:2021 Cryptographic Failures
3w ago
Cloud intermediate
7.5
Cloud Egress Costs
Per-gigabyte charges cloud providers levy on data leaving a region for the internet, other regions, or on-premises systems.
1mo ago
Cloud intermediate
Cloud IAM Roles
2
A named bundle of permissions attached to a principal that defines which actions it can perform on which cloud resources.
CWE-732 OWASP A01:2021-Broken Access Control
3mo ago
Cloud intermediate
8.1
Cloud Multi-Tenancy
PHP 8.0+
3
Serving multiple customers (tenants) from shared infrastructure while keeping their data and behaviour isolated.
4mo ago
Cloud intermediate
Cloud Backup & Disaster Recovery
1
Automated backups with tested restores, defined RPO/RTO targets, and cross-region replication for catastrophic failure recovery.
4mo ago
Cloud intermediate
Cloud Region Selection
1
The decision of which cloud region(s) to deploy workloads into, balancing user latency, data residency law, cost, and service availability.
4mo ago
Cloud intermediate
Canonical URL (rel=canonical)
1
A <link rel='canonical'> tag that tells search engines which URL is the authoritative version of a page — preventing duplicate content from splitting ranking signals across multiple URLs.
6mo ago
Frontend intermediate
Core Web Vitals
Google's three field-measured performance metrics — LCP (loading), INP (interactivity), CLS (visual stability) — used as direct search ranking signals since 2021.
6mo ago
Performance intermediate
Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)
A Core Web Vital that measures unexpected visual movement of page elements during load — caused by images without dimensions, late-injected content, and font swaps. Target: under 0.1.
6mo ago
Performance intermediate
CSS Cascade Layers (@layer)
1
CSS @layer lets you explicitly define the order in which style groups are applied in the cascade — styles in a later layer always win over earlier ones regardless of specificity, eliminating specificity wars in large codebases.
6mo ago
Frontend intermediate
Caching Strategies
PHP 7.0+
2
Patterns for when and how to store and invalidate cached data — cache-aside, write-through, write-behind, and read-through each make different trade-offs between consistency, complexity, and performance.
6mo ago
Performance intermediate
Canary Deployment & Observability
Canary deployments route a small percentage of traffic to a new version — compare its golden signals against the stable version before full rollout to catch regressions automatically.
6mo ago
Observability intermediate
Canvas API — 2D Drawing
HTML5
The HTML Canvas API provides a 2D drawing surface via JavaScript — used for charts, image manipulation, games, data visualisations, and any pixel-level rendering that DOM elements cannot efficiently handle.
6mo ago
JavaScript intermediate
Cardinality in Metrics
Cardinality is the number of unique label value combinations — high cardinality (user_id, URL, session_id as labels) creates millions of time series and crashes Prometheus.
6mo ago
Observability intermediate
Cardinality in Observability
PHP 7.0+
The number of unique combinations of label values in a metric — high cardinality (millions of unique label combinations) causes memory exhaustion in time-series databases and is the most common observability scaling problem.
6mo ago
Observability intermediate
Catastrophic Backtracking
PHP 5.3+
3
A regex engine failure mode where certain patterns combined with specific inputs cause exponential backtracking, making the match take seconds or minutes — a common denial-of-service vector called ReDoS.
6mo ago
Regex intermediate
Code Readability Metrics
Readability can be measured — cyclomatic complexity, cognitive complexity (SonarQube), lines per function, parameter count, and nesting depth are all quantifiable proxies for readability.
6mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
Collation & Locale-Aware Sorting
PHP 7.0+
1
Locale-specific rules for ordering strings alphabetically — determining that ä sorts near a in German but after z in traditional Swedish, and that sorting must not rely on byte values for Unicode text.
6mo ago
i18n intermediate
const Type Parameters (TS 5.0)
5.0
TypeScript 5.0 const type parameters infer literal types instead of widened types — const T extends string[] infers ['a','b'] not string[].
6mo ago
TypeScript intermediate