Terms starting with "F"
Forward Secrecy
PHP 7.4+
A key-exchange property where ephemeral session keys are discarded after use, so a future compromise of long-term keys cannot decrypt past sessions.
CWE-327 OWASP A02:2021-Cryptographic Failures
3w ago
Cryptography advanced
5.9
Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree)
PHP 7.4+
1
A compact array-backed structure giving O(log n) prefix-sum queries and O(log n) point updates with minimal code and memory overhead.
1mo ago
Data Structures advanced
Fetch API
ES2015
1
The browser-native Promise-based API for making HTTP requests — replacing XMLHttpRequest with a cleaner interface supporting streaming, CORS, and request/response objects.
3mo ago
JavaScript beginner
FFI — Foreign Function Interface (PHP 7.4)
PHP 7.4+
PHP 7.4 FFI allows calling C functions and accessing C data structures directly from PHP — enabling Python-like ctypes integration for native libraries without writing C extensions.
3mo ago
PHP advanced
Fibers — Cooperative Concurrency (PHP 8.1)
PHP 8.1+
PHP 8.1 Fibers enable cooperative multitasking — suspending execution at yield points and resuming later — the foundation for async PHP frameworks without OS threads.
3mo ago
PHP advanced
File Permissions
PHP 4.0+
Unix permission bits (owner/group/world read-write-execute) that control which processes can read, write, or execute files — misconfigured permissions are a common PHP deployment and security issue.
3mo ago
PHP beginner
Four Golden Signals
Google SRE's Four Golden Signals — Latency, Traffic, Errors, Saturation — are the four metrics that, if monitored and alerted on, cover most production reliability concerns.
3mo ago
Observability beginner
Fatal Errors vs Errors vs Warnings
PHP 5.0+
3
PHP has three error levels that behave very differently: fatal errors halt execution, warnings continue but signal problems, and notices are advisory only.
3mo ago
PHP beginner
File API — FileReader & File Input
ES2015
File and FileReader provide client-side access to user-selected files before upload to PHP — enabling preview, validation, and chunked upload.
3mo ago
JavaScript intermediate
FormData API
ES2015
3
FormData constructs key-value pairs from HTML forms for AJAX submission to PHP backends — supports file uploads without page reload.
3mo ago
JavaScript intermediate
Feature Teams vs Component Teams
Feature teams own end-to-end delivery across the stack; component teams own a layer — feature teams ship faster but need platform support.
3mo ago
General intermediate
Fiber-Based Task Scheduler
PHP 8.1+
Building a cooperative multitasking scheduler with PHP Fibers — suspending and resuming tasks at I/O wait points to run multiple tasks concurrently in a single thread.
3mo ago
PHP advanced
File Descriptors & ulimit
PHP 5.0+
File descriptors are integer handles for open files, sockets, and pipes — each process has a limit (ulimit -n), and exhausting them causes 'too many open files' errors.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Fluent Builder Pattern
Returns $this from each setter enabling method chaining — used in query builders, test factories, and configuration objects.
3mo ago
Code Quality intermediate
Function & Method Naming Convention
PHP functions and methods use camelCase per PSR-1 — lowercase first word, each subsequent word capitalised, verb-noun pairs for actions.
3mo ago
Style beginner
Fuzz Testing
PHP 7.0+
Automatically generating random, unexpected, or malformed inputs to find crashes, assertion failures, and security vulnerabilities that manual test cases miss.
3mo ago
Testing advanced
Facade Pattern
PHP 5.0+
Provides a simplified, unified interface to a complex subsystem, hiding its internal complexity from clients.
3mo ago
Code Quality beginner
Faceted Search & Aggregations
Dynamically computed counts for filter categories based on current results — the 'Brand (42) | Price $0-50 (18)' sidebar that refines search results.
3mo ago
Search intermediate
Factory Pattern
Delegates object creation to a dedicated factory, decoupling the creator from the created class and allowing subclass instantiation.
3mo ago
General intermediate
Fail Fast Principle
1
Detect and report errors at the earliest possible point rather than allowing invalid state to propagate and cause confusing failures elsewhere.
3mo ago
Code Quality beginner