Tag: linux
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Most referenced — #linux
Linux Processes 1Linux Memory Management 1Systemd Services & Unit Files 1Linux Performance Tools 1File Descriptors & ulimit 1Linux File Permissions 1Linux File System Hierarchy 1Linux Log Files 1
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stat() System Call
The stat family of syscalls retrieves file metadata — size, permissions, timestamps, owner, inode — without reading the file's contents.
6d ago
Linux intermediate
iptables and netfilter
Kernel packet-filtering framework (netfilter) and its classic userspace tool (iptables) for firewalling, NAT, and packet mangling.
2w ago
Linux advanced
Linux Namespaces
Kernel feature that isolates global resources (PIDs, network, mounts, IPC, hostname, users) so processes see their own private view of the system.
1mo ago
Linux advanced
Linux File Permissions
1
Read, write, and execute permissions assigned to owner, group, and others — the foundation of Linux access control for web application files.
CWE-732 OWASP A5:2021
3mo ago
Linux beginner
7.5
Memory-Mapped Files
A file mapped directly into a process's virtual address space — reads and writes go through the OS page cache rather than read()/write() syscalls, enabling fast access to large files and shared memory between processes.
3mo ago
Linux advanced
File Permissions
PHP 4.0+
Unix permission bits (owner/group/world read-write-execute) that control which processes can read, write, or execute files — misconfigured permissions are a common PHP deployment and security issue.
3mo ago
PHP beginner
eBPF — Kernel-Level Observability
Extended Berkeley Packet Filter — a technology for running sandboxed programs in the Linux kernel to trace system calls, network traffic, and performance metrics without modifying applications.
3mo ago
DevOps advanced
Environment Variables
PHP 5.0+
1
Key-value pairs inherited by child processes — the standard way to pass configuration, credentials, and runtime settings to PHP applications without hardcoding.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
File Descriptors & ulimit
PHP 5.0+
File descriptors are integer handles for open files, sockets, and pipes — each process has a limit (ulimit -n), and exhausting them causes 'too many open files' errors.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Linux Log Files
2
Log locations, rotation, and analysis tools on Linux — /var/log/ structure, journald, logrotate, and essential log analysis commands.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Linux Memory Management
1
How Linux allocates RAM — virtual memory, the page cache, swap, and the OOM killer — and what PHP developers need to know when PHP processes run out of memory.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Linux Networking Tools
PHP 5.0+
Essential tools for diagnosing network issues on Linux servers — ss, netstat, curl, dig, tcpdump, and ping each reveal different layers of connectivity problems.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Linux Package Managers
apt (Debian/Ubuntu), yum/dnf (RHEL/CentOS/Fedora), apk (Alpine) — tools for installing, updating, and managing system software packages and their dependencies.
3mo ago
Linux beginner
Linux Performance Tools
1
Essential tools for diagnosing CPU, memory, IO, and network performance on Linux — top, htop, vmstat, iostat, perf, strace, and ltrace.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Linux User & Group Management
2
Managing users and groups on Linux servers — useradd, usermod, passwd, groups — and best practices for PHP web server user isolation and privilege separation.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Regex with grep, sed & awk
Three essential Linux text processing tools — grep for filtering lines, sed for stream editing, awk for field-based processing — all using regular expressions.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Systemd Services & Unit Files
Systemd is the init system managing service lifecycle on modern Linux — unit files define how services start, stop, restart, and depend on each other.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Bash Scripting
bash4
1
Writing shell scripts in Bash to automate command-line tasks — from simple file operations to complex deployment pipelines.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Cron Jobs
PHP 5.0+
3
Scheduled tasks defined in a crontab file, executing commands at specified time intervals — from once a minute to once a year.
3mo ago
Linux beginner
Linux File System Hierarchy
1
The standard directory structure of Linux — /etc for config, /var for variable data, /tmp for temporary files, /usr for user programs — knowing it prevents misplacing files.
3mo ago
Linux beginner