Terms starting with "S"
SHACL Shape Validation
W3C standard for validating RDF graphs against shape constraints that declare which nodes must exist, what properties they need, and what values are allowed.
2mo ago
Knowledge Engineering advanced
Stemming & Lemmatization
Index-time text normalisation that reduces inflected words to a common form so 'running', 'ran', and 'runs' all match the query 'run'.
2mo ago
Search intermediate
Slot Filling
1
Extracting values for a predefined set of structured fields (slots) from unstructured text or dialogue turns.
2mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
SPARQL Query Basics
The W3C standard query language for retrieving and manipulating RDF triple data stored in graph databases and triple stores.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
Search Query Expansion
PHP 7.4+
Augmenting a user's query at search time with synonyms, related terms, and semantic variants so short or ambiguous input still matches relevant documents.
3mo ago
Search intermediate
Schema Mapping and Alignment
2
The process of reconciling field names, types, and hierarchies between a source and target data model so data can flow correctly across systems.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
Semantic Similarity Matching
9
Finding texts that mean the same thing by comparing vector embeddings with distance metrics rather than matching exact keywords.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
stat() System Call
The stat family of syscalls retrieves file metadata — size, permissions, timestamps, owner, inode — without reading the file's contents.
3mo ago
Linux intermediate
Suffix Array
PHP 7.0+ A sorted array of all suffix starting positions of a string, enabling fast substring search in O(m log n) with far less memory than a suffix tree.
4mo ago
Algorithms advanced
Structured Concurrency
PHP 8.1+
A model where child tasks live inside a parent scope that waits for all of them to finish before it exits, so no task is ever orphaned.
4mo ago
Concurrency advanced
Search Query Parsing
PHP 8.0+
Transforming raw user search input into structured components - tokens, fields, operators, and phrases - before query execution.
4mo ago
Search intermediate
Symbol Table Resolution
PHP 5.3+
The compiler phase that maps identifiers (variables, functions, classes) to their declarations, scopes, and types during semantic analysis.
4mo ago
Compiler advanced
Search Relevance Tuning
PHP 7.4+
Adjusting query-time ranking — field weights, boosts, and scoring functions — so the most useful documents rank highest for real queries.
4mo ago
Search advanced
Server-Side Includes (SSI) Injection
Attacker-controlled SSI directives (`<!--#exec ... -->`) injected into pages parsed by Apache or another SSI-enabled server, achieving file disclosure or remote command execution.
CWE-97 OWASP A3:2021
5mo ago
Security intermediate
9.8
Shadow DOM
A browser feature that attaches a scoped, encapsulated DOM subtree to an element — styles and IDs inside the shadow tree do not leak in or out, enabling true component isolation on the web.
5mo ago
Frontend intermediate
Software Composition Analysis (SCA)
The practice and tooling for identifying all open-source and third-party components in a codebase, detecting known vulnerabilities (CVEs) in them, and flagging licence risks — distinct from static analysis of your own code.
5mo ago
Security intermediate
Script Loading (defer, async, type=module)
How and when browser downloads and executes JavaScript — defer, async, and type=module control whether scripts block HTML parsing and in what order they run.
6mo ago
Frontend intermediate
Structured Data — JSON-LD
Machine-readable schema markup embedded in a <script type='application/ld+json'> block, enabling Google rich results — star ratings, FAQs, breadcrumbs, events, and recipes in search.
6mo ago
Frontend intermediate
SELECT FOR UPDATE
A locking read that acquires exclusive row locks — preventing other transactions from modifying selected rows until commit.
6mo ago
Database advanced
Soft Delete Pattern
Marking records as deleted with a deleted_at timestamp instead of physically removing them — preserving data for auditing and recovery.
6mo ago
Database intermediate