Glossary
SHACL Shape Validation
W3C standard for validating RDF graphs against shape constraints that declare which nodes must exist, what properties they need, and what values are allowed.
2mo ago
Knowledge Engineering advanced
Python GIL & Free Threading
Python 3.13+
The GIL serializes Python bytecode across threads; PEP 703 free-threading (3.13+) removes it, enabling true parallelism.
3mo ago
Python advanced
Stemming & Lemmatization
Index-time text normalisation that reduces inflected words to a common form so 'running', 'ran', and 'runs' all match the query 'run'.
3mo ago
Search intermediate
Wikidata as Knowledge Source
Using Wikidata's collaboratively-edited RDF knowledge graph as a structured source of entities, properties, and facts for downstream systems.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
Accessible Tooltips
Tooltips that appear on hover, focus, and keyboard interaction, are associated with their trigger via aria-describedby, and can be dismissed without moving the pointer.
3mo ago
Accessibility intermediate
HMAC Construction
PHP 5.1+
5
HMAC combines a secret key with a cryptographic hash via a nested keyed construction — providing message authentication that resists length-extension attacks.
CWE-353 OWASP A02:2021 Cryptographic Failures
3mo ago
Cryptography intermediate
7.5
Slot Filling
1
Extracting values for a predefined set of structured fields (slots) from unstructured text or dialogue turns.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
PHP curl_multi
PHP 7.0+
4
curl_multi_* runs many HTTP requests in parallel from one PHP process, dramatically cutting total latency for I/O-bound work.
3mo ago
PHP advanced
False Sharing
A cache coherence pathology where threads on different cores modify independent variables sharing a cache line, causing costly invalidations.
3mo ago
Performance advanced
Property Graph Model
A graph data model where nodes and edges carry labels and key-value properties, enabling typed multi-hop traversals without joins.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering intermediate
Quadtree
A tree where each internal node has exactly four children, recursively partitioning 2D space for efficient spatial queries.
3mo ago
Data Structures advanced
Rust Pin and Unpin
Pin<P> is a pointer wrapper that guarantees the pointed-to value will not move in memory, enabling safe self-referential types and async futures.
3mo ago
Rust advanced
Atomic Groups
PHP 4.0+
Non-capturing groups written (?>...) that prevent backtracking once matched, locking in progress to avoid catastrophic slowdown.
3mo ago
Regex advanced
Loop Unrolling
PHP 8.0+
A compiler optimisation that replicates the loop body multiple times to reduce iteration overhead and enable further optimisations like instruction-level parallelism.
3mo ago
Compiler advanced
Git Rerere
Reuse Recorded Resolution — Git's mechanism for automatically replaying previously resolved merge conflicts when the same conflict pattern appears again.
3mo ago
Git advanced
Coreference Resolution
1
Identifying all expressions in text that refer to the same real-world entity and linking them into unified mention clusters.
3mo ago
Knowledge Engineering advanced
Control Flow Graph
A directed graph representation of a program's execution paths where nodes are basic blocks and edges represent possible control transfers like branches, jumps, and loops.
3mo ago
Compiler advanced
Network Sockets
5.0 The OS-level abstraction that provides endpoints for bidirectional communication between processes across networks, enabling all higher-level protocols like HTTP, WebSocket, and database connections.
3mo ago
Networking intermediate
Cloud IAM Roles
6
A named bundle of permissions attached to a principal that defines which actions it can perform on which cloud resources.
CWE-732 OWASP A01:2021-Broken Access Control
3mo ago
Cloud intermediate
8.1
Python functools Module
Python 3.2+
The functools module provides higher-order tools like wraps, partial, lru_cache, reduce, and singledispatch for building and reusing function logic.
3mo ago
Python intermediate